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A memory card is an electronic knowledge storage system used for storing digital data, typically using flash memory. These are commonly utilized in digital portable digital devices, comparable to digital cameras as well as in many early video games consoles such because the Neo Geo. They allow including memory to such devices using a card in a socket as a substitute of protruding USB flash drives. Common forms of flash memory card embody SD cards (together with microSD), Sony's Memory Stick and CompactFlash. SD playing cards are the most common sort of memory playing cards. The basis for memory card know-how is flash memory. The event of memory playing cards was driven within the 1980s by the necessity for another to floppy disk drives that had lower energy consumption, had less weight and occupied less quantity in laptops. Some were also marketed as a decrease value different to ROM cartridges. Mitsubishi Melcard which came in variants utilizing 60 and 50 connector pins.

The Sega Card was developed as a cheaper various to recreation cartridges. Some memory cards had been used for memory growth in laptops. The non-public Laptop Memory Card International Affiliation (PCMCIA) was an trade affiliation created in 1989 to advertise a normal for memory cards in PCs, and worked intently with JEIDA, adopting their sixty eight pin connector design. The specification for PCMCIA kind I cards, later renamed Computer Cards, was first released in 1990, and unified the JEIDA memory card normal with the Laptop Card commonplace. This format later included assist for different devices moreover memory playing cards. Pc Card was amongst the first industrial memory card codecs to come out, however is primarily used in industrial functions and to connect I/O units such as modems. Some early memory playing cards used SRAM as a storage medium, which required a lithium battery to keep the contents in the SRAM. These playing cards have been faster than their flash counterparts. Some of the first PCMCIA playing cards had capacities of 1 to 5 MB and cost US$100 per MB.

Different early cards such because the Bee Card contained non-modifiable ROM, Write once learn many EPROM or rewriteable EEPROM memory. In 1992, SanDisk introduced FlashDisk, a PCMCIA card and one among the primary Memory Wave cards that didn't require battery energy to retain its contents, because it used flash memory. In 1994, memory card codecs smaller than the Computer Card arrived. The primary one was CompactFlash and later SmartMedia and Miniature Card. The want for smaller cards for cell-telephones, PDAs, and compact digital cameras drove a development that left the previous era of "compact" cards trying huge. In 2000 the SD card was introduced. SD was envisioned as a single memory card format for several kinds of digital units, that could also perform as an enlargement slot for including new capabilities for a machine. In 2001, SmartMedia alone captured 50% of the digital digicam market and CF had captured the skilled digital digital camera market. However, by 2005, SD and similar MMC cards had practically taken over SmartMedia's spot, though not to the same stage and with stiff competition coming from Memory Stick variants, as well as CompactFlash.

In industrial and embedded fields, Memory Wave even the venerable Computer card (PCMCIA) memory playing cards still manage to maintain a niche, whereas in cellphones and PDAs, the memory card has develop into smaller. Microdrive, PocketZip and Dataplay. The Microdrive had higher capacities than memory playing cards on the time. Effectively the format war has turned in SD-Card's favor. WiFi SD Playing cards (SD Card With WiFi Card Built in) Powered by Gadget. Many older video recreation consoles used memory playing cards to carry saved sport data. Cartridge-based mostly programs primarily used battery-backed risky RAM inside every individual cartridge to hold saves for that recreation. Cartridges without this RAM might have used a password system, or would not save progress in any respect. The Neo Geo AES, launched in 1990 by SNK, was the primary video sport console able to make use of a memory card. AES memory playing cards have been additionally appropriate with Neo Geo MVS arcade cabinets, permitting players to migrate saves between home and arcade programs and vice versa.

Memory playing cards became commonplace when residence consoles moved to read-only optical discs for storing the game program, starting with programs such as the TurboGrafx-CD and Sega-CD. Till the sixth technology of video recreation consoles, memory cards have been based mostly on proprietary formats; Later programs used established industry codecs for memory cards, corresponding to FAT32. Residence consoles generally use onerous disk drive storage for saved games and permit using USB flash drives or different card codecs through a Memory Wave Routine card reader to transport recreation saves and different recreation information. Although some consoles have implemented cloud storage saving, most portable gaming programs still rely on customized memory cartridges to retailer program knowledge, attributable to their low energy consumption, smaller bodily dimension and reduced mechanical complexity. Sahoo, Reeta; Sahoo, Gagan. Infomatic Practices. New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd. Williams, Matt (April 27, 2022). "A whole Guide to Memory Playing cards". Micheloni, Rino; Crippa, Luca; Marelli, Alessia (2010). Inside NAND Flash Recollections.